暑1_Look it up!(一)
猎户座英语教学中心
26暑·八上英语·A+班
Grammar A · some and any

some 和 any 用在复数可数名词和不可数名词前。

I bought some snacks for the trip.
We don't have any milk left.
Are there any clean cups?
Let's get some bread on the way home.
She needs some help with her homework.
Grammar A · some and any

我们通常在肯定句中使用 some，在否定句和疑问句中使用 any。

I've got some good news.
We need some eggs for breakfast.
I don't have any cash on me.
Do you have any plans for tonight?
There aren't any seats left.
Grammar A · some and any

当我们预期对方回答“是”时，可以在疑问句中使用 some；这样提问也更礼貌。

Would you like some tea?
Can I get you some water?
May I have some noodles?
Do you want some help?
Could you lend me some money?
Grammar A · some and any

当我们不特指某个人或事物时，可以用 any 表示“任何一个”。

You can choose any seat you like.
Ask any teacher for help.
Call me any time.
You can use any pen on the desk.
Which snack do you want? Any will do.
Grammar Practice

[2013·安徽中考] - Would you like some milk?
- ___

A. Yes, pleaseB. The same to youC. Help yourselfD. My pleasure

[2020·西藏中考] I don't have ___ juice. Would you like to get ___ for me?

A. some; someB. any; someC. some; anyD. any; any

[2020·四川巴中中考] - Would you like ___ to drink?
- No, thanks.

A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing

[2020·山东济南中考] The doctor kept on working although he knew there was ___ wrong with his heart.

A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing

[2020·黑龙江龙东地区中考] While feeling pressure, many students don't want to sleep or eat ___ (something).

单词妙记
dinosaur
dinosaur
/ˈdaɪ.nə.sɔː/
n. 恐龙
妙记: 博物馆陈列的史前恐龙骨架: dinosaur
拓展: dinosaur fossils; dinosaur bones; dinosaur species
1Scientists study dinosaur fossils in the museum.
2The team found dinosaur bones near the river.
3This dinosaur species had a long neck.
单词妙记
intelligent
intelligent
/ɪn.ˈtel.ɪ.dʒənt/
adj. 有才智的; 聪明的
妙记: intelligence (才智)→ intelligent (聪明的) [unintelligent]
拓展: intelligent student; highly intelligent; intelligent decision
1Mia is an intelligent student.
2The scientist was highly intelligent.
3Leaving early was an intelligent decision.
单词妙记
talented
talented
/ˈtæl.ənt.ɪd/
adj. 有才能的; 天才的
妙记: talent (才能) + -ed (具有) → 有才能的
拓展: talented musician; highly talented; talented young artist
1She is a talented musician.
2The young inventor is highly talented.
3A talented young artist painted this picture.
单词妙记
artistic
artistic
/ɑː.ˈtɪs.tɪk/
adj. 有艺术天赋的;(尤指) 有美术才能的
妙记: artist (艺术家) + -ic(...... 的) → 有艺术才能的
拓展: artistic talent; artistic ability; an artistic pupil
1The young painter has great artistic talent.
2Her artistic ability impressed the teacher.
3Leo is an artistic pupil who enjoys painting.
单词妙记
perhaps
perhaps
/pə.ˈhæps/
adv. 可能; 大概; 也许
妙记: Perhaps it will rain = 也许会下雨
拓展: perhaps not; perhaps because of the rain; perhaps we should wait
1Perhaps not everyone knows the answer.
2The match ended early, perhaps because of the rain.
3Perhaps we should wait for more information.
单词妙记
notebook
notebook
/ˈnəʊt.bʊk/
n. 笔记本
妙记: note (笔记) + book (本子) → 笔记写进本子 → 笔记本
拓展: school notebook; write in a notebook; notebook page
1Her school notebook is full of useful facts.
2Leo wrote the new word in a notebook.
3A map filled the last notebook page.
单词妙记
vehicle
vehicle
/ˈviː.ə.kl/
n. 交通工具; 车辆
妙记: h 不发音,-cle 读 /kl/; 载人货的车辆
拓展: electric vehicle; drive a vehicle; heavy vehicle
1An electric vehicle is quiet on the road.
2You need a licence to drive this vehicle.
3The bridge is closed to heavy vehicles.
单词妙记
prehistoric
prehistoric
/ˌpriː.hɪ.ˈstɒr.ɪk/
adj. 史前的
妙记: pre-(之前) + historic (历史的) → 史前的
拓展: prehistoric animals; prehistoric cave art; prehistoric times
1Dinosaurs were prehistoric animals.
2The cave contains prehistoric cave art.
3People used simple tools in prehistoric times.
单词妙记
completely
completely
/kəm.ˈpliːt.li/
adv. 完全地; 彻底地
妙记: complete (完整) + -ly (副词) → 完全地 [partly]
拓展: completely different; completely empty; completely understand
1The two animals look completely different.
2By noon, the water tank was completely empty.
3I completely understand your question now.
单词妙记
original
original
/ə.ˈrɪdʒ.ɪ.nəl/
adj. 原来的; 起初的
妙记: origin (起点) + -al(...... 的) → 原来的
拓展: original plan; original design; original meaning
1We changed the original plan.
2The museum kept the original design.
3This word has lost its original meaning.
单词妙记
genius
genius
/dʒiː.ni.əs/
n. 天才人物
妙记: 迅速解开难题并创造新方法的人是 genius
拓展: a true genius; a musical genius; a mathematical genius
1Leonardo was a true genius.
2Mozart was a musical genius.
3Ada was a mathematical genius.
单词妙记
crocodile
crocodile
/krɒk.ə.daɪl/
n. 鳄鱼
妙记: 河岸上长嘴, 背披硬鳞甲的 crocodile
拓展: a wild crocodile; crocodile eggs; crocodiles in rivers
1We saw a wild crocodile.
2These are crocodile eggs.
3Crocodiles live in rivers.
单词妙记
lizard
lizard
/lɪz.əd/
n. 蜥蜴
妙记: 四脚长尾, 贴石快爬的爬行动物是 lizard
拓展: a small lizard; a desert lizard; lizards eat insects
1A small lizard sat on the wall.
2A desert lizard hid in the sand.
3Many lizards eat insects.
单词妙记
ancestor
ancestor
/æn.ses.tə(r)/
n. (动物的) 原始种型; 祖先
妙记: 沿家族树向上追溯, 早期共同来源是 ancestor
拓展: a common ancestor; an ancient ancestor; ancestor of birds
1Dogs and wolves share a common ancestor.
2This ancient ancestor lived long ago.
3This dinosaur may be an ancestor of birds.
单词妙记
related
related
/rɪ.leɪ.tɪd/
adj. 有亲缘关系的; 相关的
妙记: relate (关联) 去 e + -ed (状态) → 有关联的 [unrelated]
拓展: closely related; related to birds; related species
1Crocodiles and dinosaurs are closely related.
2Dinosaurs are related to birds.
3These related species share some features.
单词妙记
general
general
/dʒen.ər.əl/
adj. 一般的; 总体的
妙记: a general idea: 只说总体, 不深入细节 [specific]
拓展: general idea; general knowledge; general education
1I understand the general idea.
2This quiz tests general knowledge.
3General education covers many subjects.
单词妙记
alphabet
alphabet
/æl.fə.bet/
n. 字母表
妙记: A 到 Z 按固定顺序组成 alphabet
拓展: the English alphabet; the Roman alphabet; letters of the alphabet
1The English alphabet has 26 letters.
2The Romans used the Roman alphabet.
3Write the letters of the alphabet in order.
单词妙记
birth
birth
/bɜːθ/
n. 出生
妙记: born (出生)→ birth (名词): date of birth [death]
拓展: date of birth; place of birth; give birth to
1Please write your date of birth on the form.
2The artist's place of birth was a small village.
3The artist gave birth to her first child in 1901.
单词妙记
suffering
suffering
/ˈsʌf.ər.ɪŋ/
n. 苦难; 疼痛
妙记: suffer (受苦) + -ing (状态) → 苦难
拓展: cause great suffering; reduce suffering; years of suffering
1The long war caused great suffering.
2New medicine can reduce suffering for patients.
3Peace finally ended years of suffering.
单词妙记
artist
artist
/ˈɑː.tɪst/
n. 艺术家;(尤指) 画家
妙记: art (艺术) + -ist (从事者) → artist (艺术家)
拓展: talented artist; work as an artist; local artist
1The talented artist painted the scene from memory.
2She hopes to work as an artist one day.
3A local artist painted a mural on the school wall.
单词妙记
death
death
/deθ/
n. 死; 死亡
妙记: die (动词)→ dead (形容词)→ death (名词) [birth]
拓展: cause of death; death of a king; lead to death
1The doctor recorded the cause of death.
2The death of the old king changed the country.
3This serious illness can lead to death.
单词妙记
whole
whole
/həʊl/
adj. 全部的; 所有的
妙记: -ole /əʊl/: The whole pole fills the hole.(整杆填洞) [partial]
拓展: whole class; whole day; whole story
1The whole class joined the activity.
2It rained for the whole day.
3Please read the whole story.
单词妙记
piece
piece
/piːs/
n. 一首, 一篇(作品)
妙记: a piece of music 一首; a piece of writing 一篇
拓展: piece of music; play a piece; famous piano piece
1The band performed a lively piece of music.
2Could you play this piece once more?
3The concert ended with a famous piano piece.
单词妙记
editor
editor
/ˈed.ɪ.tə/
n. (书籍的) 编辑
妙记: edit (编辑) + -or (人) → 书籍编辑
拓展: book editor; work as an editor; editor of a dictionary
1The book editor checked every chapter carefully.
2My aunt works as an editor at a publishing company.
3The editor of this dictionary added several new words.
单词妙记
organize
organize
/ˈɔː.gə.naɪz/
v. 安排; 组织
妙记: organ (组成部分) + -ize (使成体系) → 安排; 组织
拓展: organize a school event; organize your notes; organize your time
1We will organize a school event next month.
2She organized her notes before the test.
3A diary can help you organize your time.
单词妙记
order
order
/ˈɔː.də/
n. 顺序
妙记: put the steps in order = 按先后排列
拓展: in the correct order; change the order; order of events
1Place the pictures in the correct order.
2The editor changed the order of two pages.
3This timeline shows the order of events.
单词妙记
record
record
/rɪ.ˈkɔːd/
v. 记录
妙记: 名词 record /ˈrek.ɔːd/ 重音在前
拓展: record the results; record an interview; record useful data
1Please record the results in your notebook.
2The reporter recorded an interview with the scientist.
3The device records useful data every minute.
句型精讲
die out
die out
/daɪ aʊt/
灭绝
妙记: die (死亡) + out (表示逐渐完全消失) → 灭绝
拓展: species die out; dinosaurs died out; old customs die out
1Some species may die out without protection.
2Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.
3Old customs can die out over time.
句型精讲
a type of
a type of
/ə taɪp əv/
一种
妙记: a type of sth (表示某事物的一种类型)
拓展: a type of animal; a type of music; a type of transport
1A crocodile is a type of animal that lays eggs.
2Jazz is a type of music from the United States.
3A tram is a type of transport used in some cities.
句型精讲
be related to
be related to
/biː rɪˈleɪtɪd tə/
与...... 属于同一种类
妙记: be related to sth (to 后接同类对象)
拓展: be related to wolves; be related to dinosaurs; be related to one another
1Modern dogs are related to wolves.
2Some living birds are related to dinosaurs.
3The two plant species are related to one another.
句型精讲
general education
general education
/ˈdʒenərəl ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃən/
通识教育
妙记: general (通识的) + education (教育) → 通识教育
拓展: receive general education; general education course; provide general education
1All young people should receive general education.
2Our general education course includes art and science.
3The college provides general education for new students.
句型精讲
go back a long way
go back a long way
/ɡəʊ bæk ə lɒŋ weɪ/
历史悠久
妙记: go back a long way (long way 指关系或历史始于很早以前)
拓展: friendship goes back a long way; history goes back a long way; tradition goes back a long way
1Their friendship goes back a long way.
2The history of paper goes back a long way.
3This local tradition goes back a long way.
句型精讲
be similar to
be similar to
/biː ˈsɪmələ(r) tə/
与...... 相似
妙记: be similar to sth (to 后接比较对象)
拓展: be similar to a whale; look similar to the original; be similar to each other
1A dolphin is similar to a whale in some ways.
2The new drawing looks similar to the original.
3Although the twins are similar to each other, their voices differ.
句型精讲
alphabetical order
alphabetical order
/ˌælfəˈbetɪkl ˈɔːdə(r)/
字母顺序
妙记: alphabetical (按字母排列的) + order (顺序) → 字母顺序
拓展: put names in alphabetical order; arrange words in alphabetical order; list entries in alphabetical order
1Please put the names in alphabetical order.
2We arranged the words in alphabetical order.
3The index lists its entries in alphabetical order.
句型精讲
play an important role
play an important role
/pleɪ ən ɪmˈpɔːtənt rəʊl/
起到重要作用
妙记: play an important role (play 是“发挥”，不是“玩”)
拓展: play an important role in education; play an important role in nature; play an important role in a team
1Libraries play an important role in education.
2Bees play an important role in nature.
3The captain plays an important role in the team.
Reading

Entries from a children's encyclopaedia

Leonardo da Vinci

1Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science.

Reading

Entries from a children's encyclopaedia

2Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles.(达·芬奇从小展现非凡才智，后来以绘画和发明跨越艺术与科学，成为改变人类认识方式的多领域天才。)

Reading

Entries from a children's encyclopaedia

Dinosaurs

3Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. They are related to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. They are also the ancestors of today's birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word "dinosaur" comes from two Greek words, and it means "terrible lizard".(恐龙约在2.45亿年前出现，与多种爬行动物有关，也是现代鸟类的祖先。)

4Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two or four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants.

Reading

Entries from a children's encyclopaedia

5Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by studying their fossils.(恐龙在陆地生活，行走方式、食性和体形各不相同；统治地球一亿多年后突然灭绝，科学家仍借化石追寻原因。)